1.PhilipBowring,WhatIslsquo;Asia?,FarEasternEconomicReview,February12,1987.

2.QiJianguo,AnUnprecedentedGreatChangingSituation:UnderstandingandThoughtsontheGlobalStrategicSituationandOurCountrysNationalSecurityEnvironment,Xuexishibao[StudyTimes],January21,2013,trans.JamesA.BellacquaandDanielM.Hartnett(Washington,D.C.:CNA,April2013).

3.SeeImmanuelC.Y.Hsu,TheRiseofModernChina(NewYork:OxfordUniversityPress,2000),315ndash;17;ThantMyint-U,WhereChinaMeetsIndia(NewYork:Farrar,StrausandGiroux,2011),77ndash;78;JohnW.Garver,ProtractedContest:Sino-IndianRivalryintheTwentiethCentury(Seattle:UniversityofWashingtonPress,2001),138ndash;40;LucianW.Pye,AsianPowerandPolitics(Cambridge,Mass.:HarvardUniversityPress,1985),95ndash;99;Brotton,HistoryoftheWorldinTwelveMaps,chap.4.

4.See,forexample,DavidC.Kang,EastAsiaBeforetheWest:FiveCenturiesofTradeandTribute(NewYork:ColumbiaUniversityPress,2010),77ndash;81.

5.KennethB.Pyle,JapanRising(NewYork:PublicAffairs,2007),37.

6.JohnW.Dower,WarWithoutMercy:RaceandPowerinthePacificWar(NewYork:Pantheon,1986),222.

7.SeeSamuelHawley,TheImjinWar:JapansSixteenthCenturyInvasionofKoreaandAttempttoConquerChina(Seoul:RoyalAsiaticSociety,KoreaBranch,2005).

8.Kang,EastAsiaBeforetheWest,1ndash;2,93ndash;97.

9.HidemiSuganami,JapansEntryintoInternationalSociety,inBullandWatson,ExpansionofInternationalSociety,187.

10.MariusJansen,TheMakingofModernJapan(Cambridge,Mass.:BelknapPressofHarvardUniversityPress,2002),87.

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