46.WilliamJ.Clinton,StatementonSigningtheIraqLiberationActof1998,October31,1998.

47.RemarksbythePresidentatthe20thAnniversaryoftheNationalEndowmentforDemocracy,Washington,D.C.,November6,2003.

48.PeterBaker,DaysofFire:BushandCheneyintheWhiteHouse(NewYork:Doubleday,2013),542.

49.Ibid.,523.

50.GeorgeShultz,PowerandDiplomacyinthe1980s,Washington,D.C.,April3,1984,DepartmentofStateBulletin,vol.84,no.2086(May1984),13.

第九章技术、均衡和人的意识

1.Forareviewofthesetheoreticalexplorations,seeMichaelGerson,TheOriginsofStrategicStability:TheUnitedStatesandtheThreatofSurpriseAttack,inStrategicStability:ContendingInterpretations,ed.ElbridgeColbyandMichaelGerson(Carlisle,Pa:StrategicStudiesInstituteandU.S.ArmyWarCollegePress,2013);MichaelQuinlan,ThinkingAboutNuclearWeapons:Principles,Problems,Prospects(Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress,2009).

2.SeeChapter6.

3.关于1973年中东危机中美国的核戒备，已经有许多著述。实际上，其主要目的是让常规部队（第六舰队和一个空降师）进入戒备状态，以应对勃列日涅夫在致尼克松的信中所发出的威胁，即他将派苏联部队赴中东作战。战略部队战备状态的升级是边际性的，莫斯科很可能根本就没有注意到。

4.C.A.Mack,FiftyYearsofMooresLaw,IEEETransactionsonSemiconductorManufacturing24,no.2(May2011):202ndash;7.

5.Formostlyoptimisticreviewsofthesedevelopments,seeRickSmolanandJenniferErwitt,eds.,TheHumanFaceofBigData(Sausalito,Calif.:AgainstAllOdds,2013);andEricSchmidtandJaredCohen,TheNewDigitalAge:ReshapingtheFutureofPeople,NationsandBusiness(NewYork:AlfredA.Knopf,2013).Formorecriticalperspectives,seeJaronLanier,WhoOwnstheFuture?(NewYork:Simonamp;Schuster,2013);EvgenyMorozov,TheNetDelusion:TheDarkSideofInternetFreedom(NewYork:PublicAffairs,2011);andToSaveEverything,ClickHere:TheFollyofTechnologicalSolutionism(NewYork:PublicAffairs,2013).

6.诺伯特middot;维纳在其1948年的著作《控制论》中引入了网络这个词，指一种沟通节点，不过所指的是人与人之间而不是计算机与计算机之间。接近当前用法的网络空间这个词出自20世纪80年代几位科幻小说作家的著作。

7.ViktorMayer-Sch?nbergerandKennethCukier,BigData:ARevolutionThatWillTransformHowWeLive,Work,andThink(Boston:HoughtonMifflinHarcourt,2013),73ndash;97.

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